Roles of small molecules in somatic cell reprogramming
Abstract
Jian-bin SU1, 2, Duan-qing PEI1, 2, Bao-ming QIN1, 2, *
1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2012 was awarded to Sir John B GURDON and Shinya YAMANAKA for their discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. This event reaffirms the importance of research on cell fate plasticity and the technology progress in the stem cell field and regenerative medicine. Indeed, reprogramming technology has developed at a dazzling speed within the past 6 years, yet we are still at the early stages of understanding the mechanisms of cell fate identity. This is particularly true in the case of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which lack reliable standards in the evaluation of their fidelity and safety prior to their application. Along with the genetic approaches, small molecules nowadays become convenient tools for modulating endogenous protein functions and regulating key cellular processes, including the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, metabolism, signal transduction and epigenetics. Moreover, small molecules may affect not only the efficiency of clone formation but also the quality of the resulting cells. With increasing availability of such chemicals, we can better understand the biology of stems cells and further improve the technology of generation of stem cells.
Keywords: small molecules; induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); embryonic stem cells (ESCs); reprogramming; mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET); epigenetics; vitamin C
We thank Miguel Angel ESTEBAN, Qiang ZHUANG, and Xi-chen BAO for their helpful suggestions. The studies in the authors’ laboratories were supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA01020401) and the National Basic Research Program of China (grants 2011CBA01106 and 2011CBA01004).
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E-mail qin_baoming@gibh.ac.cn
Received 2013-03-16 Accepted 2013-05-06
Keywords:
1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2012 was awarded to Sir John B GURDON and Shinya YAMANAKA for their discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. This event reaffirms the importance of research on cell fate plasticity and the technology progress in the stem cell field and regenerative medicine. Indeed, reprogramming technology has developed at a dazzling speed within the past 6 years, yet we are still at the early stages of understanding the mechanisms of cell fate identity. This is particularly true in the case of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which lack reliable standards in the evaluation of their fidelity and safety prior to their application. Along with the genetic approaches, small molecules nowadays become convenient tools for modulating endogenous protein functions and regulating key cellular processes, including the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, metabolism, signal transduction and epigenetics. Moreover, small molecules may affect not only the efficiency of clone formation but also the quality of the resulting cells. With increasing availability of such chemicals, we can better understand the biology of stems cells and further improve the technology of generation of stem cells.
Keywords: small molecules; induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); embryonic stem cells (ESCs); reprogramming; mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET); epigenetics; vitamin C
We thank Miguel Angel ESTEBAN, Qiang ZHUANG, and Xi-chen BAO for their helpful suggestions. The studies in the authors’ laboratories were supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA01020401) and the National Basic Research Program of China (grants 2011CBA01106 and 2011CBA01004).
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E-mail qin_baoming@gibh.ac.cn
Received 2013-03-16 Accepted 2013-05-06