Lovastatin restores the function of endothelial progenitor cells damaged by oxLDL
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lovastatin restores the survival and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) damaged by oxLDL.
Methods: EPCs were preincubated with different concentrations of lovastatin (2, 10, and 50 μmol/L) with or without the Akt inhibitor triciribine for 24 h and were then exposed to 50 μg/mL oxLDL for 48 h. The survival of EPCs, as well as the cellular migration, adhesion, and tube formation of these cells, was examined. To explore the mechanisms of lovastatin's effects on EPCs, the levels of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS and of total eNOS protein and mRNA were assayed.
Results: Incubation of EPCs with oxLDL resulted in significant apoptosis and impaired cellular migration, adhesion and tube structure formation. The detrimental effects of oxLDL on EPC survival and function were attenuated by pretreatment of EPCs with lovastatin. However, when EPCs were pretreated with lovastatin and triciribine at the same time, the beneficial effects of lovastatin were abolished by triciribine. Furthermore, oxLDL caused a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA and protein expression, as well as a suppression of Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. However, the effects of oxLDL on Akt/eNOS activity and eNOS expression were reversed by lovastatin.
Conclusion: Lovastatin reverses the survival and function of EPCs by regulating the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and the gene transcription of eNOS.
Keywords:
Methods: EPCs were preincubated with different concentrations of lovastatin (2, 10, and 50 μmol/L) with or without the Akt inhibitor triciribine for 24 h and were then exposed to 50 μg/mL oxLDL for 48 h. The survival of EPCs, as well as the cellular migration, adhesion, and tube formation of these cells, was examined. To explore the mechanisms of lovastatin's effects on EPCs, the levels of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS and of total eNOS protein and mRNA were assayed.
Results: Incubation of EPCs with oxLDL resulted in significant apoptosis and impaired cellular migration, adhesion and tube structure formation. The detrimental effects of oxLDL on EPC survival and function were attenuated by pretreatment of EPCs with lovastatin. However, when EPCs were pretreated with lovastatin and triciribine at the same time, the beneficial effects of lovastatin were abolished by triciribine. Furthermore, oxLDL caused a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA and protein expression, as well as a suppression of Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. However, the effects of oxLDL on Akt/eNOS activity and eNOS expression were reversed by lovastatin.
Conclusion: Lovastatin reverses the survival and function of EPCs by regulating the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and the gene transcription of eNOS.