Article

Isoproterenol induces MD2 activation by β-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS signalling axis in cardiomyocytes and macrophages drives inflammatory heart failure

Jin-fu Qian1,2, Shi-qi Liang1,2, Qin-yan Wang2, Jia-chen Xu1,2, Wu Luo2,3, Wei-jian Huang1, Gao-jun Wu1, Guang Liang1,2
1 Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
2 Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
3 Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Correspondence to: Gao-jun Wu: wugaojun@wzhospital.cn, Guang Liang: wzmcliangguang@163.com,
DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01179-3
Received: 1 March 2023
Accepted: 29 September 2023
Advance online: 2 November 2023

Abstract

Cardiac inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) through activating β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Recent evidence shows that myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), a key protein in endotoxin-induced inflammation, mediates inflammatory heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of MD2 in ISO-β-AR-induced heart injuries and HF. Mice were infused with ISO (30 mg·kg−1·d−1) via osmotic mini-pumps for 2 weeks. We showed that MD2 in cardiomyocytes and cardiac macrophages was significantly increased and activated in the heart tissues of ISO-challenged mice. Either MD2 knockout or administration of MD2 inhibitor L6H21 (10 mg/kg every 2 days, i.g.) could prevent mouse hearts from ISO-induced inflammation, remodelling and dysfunction. Bone marrow transplantation study revealed that both cardiomyocyte MD2 and bone marrow-derived macrophage MD2 contributed to ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and injuries. In ISO-treated H9c2 cardiomyocyte-like cells, neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, MD2 knockout or pre-treatment with L6H21 (10 μM) alleviated ISO-induced inflammatory responses, and the conditioned medium from ISO-challenged macrophages promoted the hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. We demonstrated that ISO induced MD2 activation in cardiomyocytes via β1-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS signalling axis, and induced inflammatory responses in macrophages via β2-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS axis. This study identifies MD2 as a key inflammatory mediator and a promising therapeutic target for ISO-induced heart failure.

Keywords: heart failure; isoproterenol; inflammation; MD2; cardiomyocytes; macrophages

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